Photosymbiotic invertebrates

　Porifera　Terpios hoshinota
　Black sponge encrusts and probably kills corals. It is potential threat of the coral reef ecosystem. This sponge contains numerous amount of cyanobacteria in the mesohyl.
Zoological Science, in press


Acoelomorpha　Convolutriloba longifissura
It harbors Tetraselmis spp. in the body. The orange pigmentation may be a sunglass for the symbionts.
Zoological Science, 24: 1241-1246, 2007


Giant clams harbors dinofllagellate in the tubes branched from the stomach. The symbiosis is established in a juvenile clam a few days after the metamorphosis.
Marine Biology, 148 (3): 551-558, 2006.


Seaslug Plakobranchus ocellatus
Some sacoglossans are known to retain chloroplast of the food algae in the digestive grand cells.
Zoological Science, 22: 905-916, 2005.